An institution-based study on Hematological profile of Dengue patients at a tertiary care hospital in Konkan region of Maharashtra

Background: Dengue is the most rapidly spreading mosquito-borne viral fever especially in coastal regions due to heavy rainfalls. It is important to understand the hemato-pathological changes associated with dengue infections to avoid dreaded hematological complications. These hematological changes can be used as diagnostic aid in remote rural set-ups wherein rapid dengue diagnostic kits are not available. Objective: This retrospective study was carried out from 1st January 2018 to 31st August 2021 with an objective to analyze the hematological profile of serologically diagnosed dengue patients. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional, observational, retrospective study was carried out at a tertiary care center at Dervan, Konkan region of Maharashtra over a period of three years and eight months. Commercially available ‘Dengue Day 1 test kit’ was used to detect NS1 antigen and IgM and IgG antibodies. Patients with positive NS1 antigen and/or IgM or IgG antibody were included while patients with other febrile illnesses like typhoid, malaria were excluded from this study. Patient’s venous blood was collected in plain bulb for serology and in EDTA bulb for hematological profile (CBC/blood smear). This profile included hemoglobin, hematocrit (HCT), RBC indices like MCV, MCH And MCHC, total leucocyte count (TLC), Differential leucocyte count (DLC) and platelet count (PC). Results: A total of 330 patients were diagnosed as dengue cases based on rapid card test. Majority of the patients were positive for NS1 antigen (60%) followed by IgM antibody (27.87%). Male: female ratio was 1.8:1. Age of the patients were in the range of 10-65 years whereas majority of NS1 positivity was seen in the age group of 21-30 years. Hemoglobin levels among these patients ranged from 3.1-19.9 g/dl. 27.47% cases had hemoglobin level of more than 15 g/dl and 16.96% patients had hemoglobin level <10 g/dl. 225 out of 330 patients showed hematocrit (HCT) >35% above the average reference value. HCT ranging from 20-35% was seen in 72/330 (21.82%) patients. 143/330 (43.34%) cases showed TLC <4000/cumm (leukopenia). 51.07% patients showed relative lymphocytosis with 15.15% of these cases showing reactive lymphocytosis. Maximum cases showed thrombocytopenia (69.32%). 31.21% showed grade 1 thrombocytopenia that is, platelets between 75000-150000/cumm. This grade was followed sequentially by Grade III, II and IV thrombocytopenia cases. Conclusion: This study highlights important hematological parameters on different serological dengue diagnosis made on rapid card test. This study will help diagnose dengue disease in remote, rural set-ups wherein rapid diagnostic kits are not available.

Haematological Profile In HIV Infected Patients With Comparison To CD4 Count

Background:To study various hematological parameters in HIV positive patients, to determine CD4+T lymphocyte counts in HIV positivepatients, to compare hematological parameters in patients onART.Material And Methods:Hematological profile was done using HORIBA PENTRA XLR Hematology Analyzer and slides stained in Field stains & Leishmanstain with CD4 Count was done using Partex Flow Cytometer. Result:Most commonly 54% cases are presented with Anaemia Followed by 11% cases with leukocytosis and 5% cases with thrombocytopenia. In anemias commonest is hypochromic microcyticanaemiaseen in 61% ofanaemiacases, followed by 37% patients with normochromic normocytic anemia. Conclusion:Anemiais the most common abnormality followed by leukocytosis followed by thrombocytopenia and leucopenia. Within the spectrum of all Anaemia Hypochromic Microcyticanaemiais the commonest.

Haematological profile of Malaria patients at a tertiary care hospital of Konkan region, Maharashtra State, India

Background: Malaria is a numero-uno infectious, killer disease in the developing world including India. This disease is caused by Plasmodium parasitic species with mosquitoes acting as vectors of transmission. Hematological tests include RBC, WBC and platelet parameters, peripheral blood examination which change based on parasitaemia need to be evaluated in various malaria affected regions to get prompt malarial diagnosis. Prompt diagnosis leads to prompt treatment avoiding troublesome malarial complications. Objectives: The present observational cross-sectional study was undertaken to estimate the Hematological profile in malaria cases diagnosed in a tertiary care hospital of Konkan region, Maharashtra. Methods: All the patients referred to Hematology section, Department of Pathology with malaria were evaluated with clinical details. The data was collected from 1st January 2017 to 31st December 2020 for three years’ duration. Total malarial cases studied were 50 cases. CBC/ PBS examination was done on EDTA blood sample. The RBC parameters, WBC parameters and platelet counts were studied with respect to malarial parasitaemia. Parasite index was found on smear and malarial diagnostic confirmation was also done using rapid kit test. All the findings were filled in MS-Xcel sheet 2010 and data was analyzed manually. Results: Malaria caused by P.vivax was predominant in present study. Patients in age range of 15-30 years were more affected in present study, that is, younger people were affected. Male predominance was seen. Fever was most common presenting symptoms followed by chills and rigor in present study. Hb, RBC count, PCV – showed that anemia was more common hematological change in present study, as these values were lower than normal level. Red cell indices like MCV, MCH, MCHC, RDW and peripheral blood smear revealed all the values in a normal range showing normocytic normochromic RBCs in the present study. Patients with malaria having normal TLC followed by leucopenia were more common in present study. Thrombocytopenia was most common hematological change seen in present study. Conclusion: Hematological parameters are measurable indices of blood that serve as a marker for malarial diagnosis.

Hematological profile of sickle cell disease in Chhattisgarh

Background: Sickle cell disease hemoglobinopathy gets inherited in autosomal recessive pattern. In sickle cell disease substitution of amino acid valine for glutamic acid at the sixth position on beta globin chain takes place resulting in sickled hemoglobin which is a hemoglobin tetramer.Methods: A prospective observational study was conducted in the Sickle Cell Institute, Raipur, India, and Department of Pharmacology in collaboration with Department of Biochemistry, Pt. J.N.M. Medical College, Raipur, Chhattisgarh, India, from February 2018 to June 2018. Patients included were in the steady state for a long period of time without any symptoms related to sickle cell disease or any other diseases which could affect hematological parameters. Subjects transfused in the last three months were excluded. Student t test and Pearson Correlation Coefficient test was done on stat pages and socscistatistics calculators. P-value<0.05 was considered as statistically significant.Results: A total of 50 subjects of sickle cell disease homozygous (SS) were studied for hematological parameters. The mean age盨D of 50 subjects were 13.3�24 years. Out of 50 subjects, 35 were males and 15 were females. Total RBC count, mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC) was low in present study. Significant inverse correlation was found in females between HbA2 and HbF, p=0.01, while it was insignificant and negatively correlated in males being 0.23.Conclusions: Sickle cell disease homozygous is a common and challenging health problem of Chhattisgarh population.

Haematological profile and its outcome in different species of malaria: a two year study

Background: Malaria is a major health problem in many parts of India and some parts of Andhra Pradesh, which is also one of the endemic areas for malaria. Several factors have been attributed to increased morbidity and mortality in malaria especially with altered hematological and coagulation parameters playing an important role. The aim of present study was to study the hematological and coagulation abnormalities that correspond to severity and the final outcome.Methods: The present study was carried out on 100 patients admitted during the period of November 2016 to October 2018 at Narayana Medical College and hospital, Nellore. All of these patients were confirmed by Peripheral Smear or MPQBC or Antigen Assay followed by detailed clinical history, physical examination and investigated with hematological and coagulation parameters. Then subsequently required routine and special investigation which was followed by monitoring the outcome of the patients with respect to morbidity and mortality.Results: Out of 100 patients 20 patients had severe anemia (Hb% <7 gm%) and most of them patients were falciparum and mixed infection cases. Thrombocytopenia was observed in 63% of the patients and severe thrombocytopenia (<50,000 mm3) was seen in 12% of the patients. PT and APTT were increased in 18% and 13% of the cases respectively. BT was increased in 5% of the cases. None of the patients expired in this study.Conclusions: severe anemia is a poor prognostic factor and has adverse outcome. Thrombocytopenia, increased PT, APTT does not have any correlation to mortality.

Clinicohematological profile of patients of sepsis admitted in intensive care unit in a tertiary care hospital in Western India

Background: Sepsis is a life-threatening medical condition triggered due to body's response to an infection. If empirical treatment for sepsis and bacteraemia is held up it will increase chances of mortality as well as duration of stay and cost. Hence, there is a need for risk stratification. So, we planned to study the clinicohematological profile of patients of sepsis admitted to this hospital in ICU.Methods: This was an observational study. A total of 50 patients of sepsis were included. All included participants were subject to CBC, RFT, LFT, RBS, Urine RM, ESR, chest X-ray, USG Abdomen.  Laboratory evaluations were performed in the institutional pathology and biochemistry labs. Data was analysed to assess the clinicohematological profile of the patients of sepsis to identify common factors which if taken care of in time can reduce development to sepsis and the morbidity and mortality related to it.Results: Most common presenting complaint was fever (72%), followed by altered sensorium (58%), vomiting (30%), jaundice (30%) and breathlessness (20%). Most noticed signs were pallor (36%), icterus (36%), edema (6%), reduced air entry (34%) and crepitations (26%). Most common source of the infection were abdomen (28%), urinary tract infection (26%) and community acquired pneumonia (24%).Conclusions: Most common presenting complaints were fever, breathlessness, altered sensorium. Most common source of sepsis were urinary tract infection, lung, and abdomen which if adequately treated in time would aid in reducing the number of sepsis patients and thus will control the morbidity, mortality and cost associated with sepsis.

Clinicohematological profile of pancytopenia: a study from a tertiary care hospital

Background: Pancytopenia is common clinical condition which we encounter in our daily clinical practice. Pancytopenia is characterized by decrease in all the three major components of blood like Red Blood Corpuscles, White blood Corpuscle, and platelets. This study was carried out to look for causes of pancytopenia and clinical presentations at tertiary care hospital in north India.Methods: The study was conducted at MLN Medical College, Allahabad in the Department of Medicine between June 2018 to July 2019. Total 125 patients who attended department of medicine were screened for study. After exclusion 94 patients were studied prospectively.Results: Out of 94 patients 59 were males, and 35 females in the study group. Male to female ratio was 1.6:1. Maximum patients were between 20 years to 35years of age group. Pallor and weakness were most common clinical feature in this study group. Out of various etiological causes vitamin B12 deficiency was the commonest in our study. 48(51%) patients had megaloblastic anemia due to vitamin B12 deficiency. Second most common etiological factor was hypo plastic/aplastic anemia. Other etiological abnormalities were hypersplenism, dengue, malaria, sepsis, myelodysplastic syndrome and multiple myeloma.Conclusions: Bone marrow examinations, aspiration cytology or biopsy are important tool for diagnosis of pancytopenia. Underlying cause and severity of disease determine the outcome of pancytopenia. The present study concluded that most of patients with pancytopenia have treatable cause so early diagnosis will be helpful for management of patients.

Hematological values for free-living great fruit-eating bats, Artibeus lituratus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae) / Perfil hematológico de morcegos frugívoros, Artibeus lituratus (Chiroptera: Phyllostomidae)

It was provide a hematological profile of Artibeus lituratus (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae). Animals were collected from October 2017 to February 2018 in an urban forest in the city of Rio de Janeiro, Southeastern Brazil. Males and females showed similar overall mean values for the parameters analyzed. Males had higher values for erythrocytes (RBC), hematocrit and basophils. Females had higher levels of eosinophils than males. The hematological values reported here will serve as reference for future research on health conditions of free-living and captive populations of Artibeus lituratus, as well as for research on pathogens associated with these bats.(AU)

O presente trabalho estabeleceu o perfil hematológico de morcegos frugívoros de vida livre, A. lituratus (Phyllostomidae: Stenodermatinae). As amostragens foram realizadas de outubro de 2017 a fevereiro de 2018 em uma floresta urbana na cidade do Rio de Janeiro, Sudeste do Brasil. Machos e fêmeas apresentaram valores médios gerais semelhantes para os parâmetros analisados. Os machos apresentaram valores de eritrócitos (RBC), hematócrito e basófilos mais altos. As fêmeas apresentaram níveis mais elevados de eosinófilos que os machos. Os valores hematológicos aqui reportados servirão de referência para pesquisas sobre condições de saúde de populações de Artibeus lituratus em vida livre e de cativeiro, assim como para pesquisas sobre patógenos associados a esses morcegos.(AU)

Clinico-Hematological Profile of Aplastic Anemia in Southern Odisha: An Institutional Study

Introduction: Aplastic anemia is a potentially life-threateningfailure of hematopoiesis, characterized by pancytopenia andhypocellular bone marrow. Aplastic anemia if untreated resultsin very high mortality. Early diagnosis of Aplastic anemias isessential for appropriate management of the patient.Aims and Objectives: The aim of the study was to assess theprevalence of the condition in southern odisha admitted to thisinstitute and to study the clinico-hematological profile for theassessment of severity by using the modified Camitta criteriaaiding in their management protocol.Materials and Methods: This study was carried outprospectively in the Department of Pathology, MKCGMedical College & Hospital during the period of June 2017 toMay 2019. A detailed clinical history, physical examination,Complete Blood Count, CPS, Reticulocyte count, Bone marrowaspiration and Biopsy were performed in each case and theobservations were evaluated using simple and basic statisticaltools.Results: There are 63 diagnosed cases of aplastic anemiaduring the study period. Out of 63 cases 36 cases are male(57.14 %) and 27 cases are female (42.86 %) indicating a malepreponderance of this disease and male to female ratio is 1.3:1. We also found that, Aplastic anemia has a bi modal agedistribution. Fever, generalized weakness and bleeding due tothrombocytopenia are commonest clinical manifestations. All63 cases are sub categorized into 38 Non severe cases (60.32%), 17 severe cases (26.98 %) and 8 cases are very severe(12.70 %).Conclusion: A good knowledge on clinical and hematologicalparameters will certainly aid in early diagnosis of Aplasticanemia and sub-categorization for treatment. But in adeveloping country financial constraints and lack of awarenessforms a major drawback in patient management. So earlydiagnosis of Aplastic Anemia reduce the treatment cost as wellas will decrease mortality.

Study Of Haematological And Coagulation Profile In Patients With Gastrointestinal Malignancies

Background: Gastrointestinal (GI) Malignancy is one of the commonest malignancies encountered in developing countries. The goal of this study was to analyze the haematological and coagulation profile- Complete Blood Count (CBC), Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) among patients of gastrointestinal malignancies. Materials and Methods: Fresh blood samples were collected from the diagnosed patients with appropriate anticoagulant in proper proportion. Complete blood count was done by automated analyzer. Peripheral blood smear was seen in cases with abnormal results on CBC. Peripheral smears were stained with Leishman’s stain using standard procedures and then examined under light microscope. Results: A total of 30 patients with gastrointestinal malignancy were included in this study. There were 19 males and 11 females. Among all cases of gastrointestinal malignancy, stomach cancers constitute the maximum (50%) followed by rectal cancers accounting for 23.3%. GI malignancy had negative impact on haemoglobin profile, affecting 56.6% of cases. In peripheral smear study, microcytic hypochromic anaemia was most common comprising 63.3% of cases. Regarding leukocyte count, 16(53.3%) cases had leukocytosis,07 have normal leukocyte count,7 had leukopenia. Out of 30 cases, 56.6% had normal thrombocyte count, 30% had thrombocytopenia and 13.3% had thrombocytosis. Out of 30 cases, 60% cases had the normal prothrombin time and 40% cases had values higher than the reference value. Regarding activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), 63.3% cases had normal reports and 36.6% cases had values higher than the reference value. Conclusion: Reduced haemoglobin, increase in neutrophil count, change in coagulation profile are associated with poor prognosis in patients with GI malignancy. Hence close monitoring of haematological and coagulation profile in patients with gastrointestinal malignancy will help in reducing morbidity and mortality.

Perfil clínico, hematológico y serológico en pacientes con sospecha de dengue del IICS-UNA, 2009-2013 / Clinical, hematological and serological profile in suspected dengue patients at IICS-UNA, 2009-2013

El dengue constituye una de las enfermedades transmitidas por mosquitos más importante a nivel mundial. La enfermedad puede cursar con un cuadro asintomático, presentarse con un amplio rango de manifestaciones clínicas inespecíficas o cierto porcentaje puede derivar en casos graves. Este estudio observacional descriptivo de corte transverso tuvo como objetivo determinar las características clínicas, parámetros hematológicos y presencia de IgM en 92 pacientes que acudieron al IICS-UNA con sospecha clínica de dengue en el periodo 2009 al 2013. Se utilizó el MAC-ELISA desarrollado en el IICS-UNA, se registraron los datos clínicos-epidemiológicos a través de una encuesta y se determinaron los parámetros hematológicos. Se obtuvieron resultados positivos para IgM en 51/92 (55%) pacientes y resultados negativos en 41/92 (45%). Las características clínicas más frecuentes fueron: fiebre, cefalea, mialgias y artralgias. Entre los pacientes con IgM positiva, 14/51 (27%) manifestaron dolores abdominales, 19/51 (37%) reportaron letargo o postración y 20/51 (39%) declararon tener náuseas y/o vómitos, 4/51 (8%) presentaron leucopenia, 10/51 (20%) valores de hematocrito disminuido y 6/51 (12%) plaquetopenia. Sólo 13/92 (14%) pacientes declararon haber cursado con la enfermedad anteriormente. Del total de pacientes, 4/92 (4%) manifestaron haber presentado algún tipo de hemorragia. Los resultados obtenidos en el estudio refuerzan la importancia de integrar todos los parámetros posibles: detección de IgM, perfil hematológico y la clínica del paciente con sospecha de dengue para brindar un mejor diagnóstico. Así también, es necesario resaltar en cuanto a los signos de alarma para una intervención rápida a fin de evitar complicaciones.

Dengue is one of the most important mosquito-borne diseases worldwide. The disease may present as asymptomatic, with a wide range of non-specific clinical manifestations or acertain percentage can result in severe cases. This observational, descriptive, crosssectional study aimed to determine the clinical features, hematological parameters and the presence of IgM in 92 patients who attended to IICS-UNA with clinical suspicion of denguefrom 2009 to 2013. The MAC-ELISA developed at IICS-UNA was used, clinical and epidemiological data were recorded through a survey and hematological parameters were determined. Positive results for IgM in 51/92 (55%) patients were obtained and negative results in 41/92 (45%). The most frequent clinical features were fever, headache, muscleand joint pains. Among patients with positive IgM, 14/51 (27%) reported abdominal pain,19/51 (37%) reported lethargy or prostration and 20/51 (39%) reported having nausea and/or vomiting, 4/51(8%) had leucopenia, 10/51 (20%) decreased hematocrit values and6/51 (12%) presented thrombocytopenia. Only 13/92 (14%) patients reported a previous DENV infection. Of the total, 4/92 (4%) presented some type of bleeding. The results of thestudy reinforce the importance of integrating all possible parameters: IgM detection, hematological and clinical profile of patients with suspected dengue to provide better diagnosis. It is also necessary to emphasize warning signs for a quick intervention to avoid complications.

Clinco-hematological Profile of Patients with Falciparum Malaria.

Background: Malaria is one of the major public health problems of the country. Worldwide prevalence of malaria is about 300- 500 million per annum. It is present in more than 100 countries around the world. Most of these are developing countries or under developed countries. So it has a great impact on their economy. The aim is to study the clinicohematological profile of patients with falciparum malaria. Methods: The present study was conducted at MNR Medical College and Hospital, Sanga Reddy, Andhra Pradesh. The study was carried out in 100 patients out of 121 cases of Falciparum malaria, admitted during the period of 2010 November to 2012 October in this hospital. Results: The numbers of males (72%) affected in our study were more compared to females (28%). The male to female ratio was 2.5:1. In this study the predominantly affected age group was between 20-40 years. The most common presenting symptom was fever i.e. in 100% of cases. Pallor was noted in 81 % of the total cases. It was found that 37% of patients had normocytic normochromic picture on peripheral smear. Conclusion: Incidence of falciparum malaria was more compared to other plasmodium. Fever was the chief presenting complaint in almost all the cases. Thrombocytopenia is very common in malaria, but spontaneous bleeding is rare.

Effects of different extracts of the mushroom Agaricus blazei Murill on the hematologic profile of mice with Ehrlich tumor / Efeitos de diferentes extratos do cogumelo Agaricus blazei Murill sobre o perfil hematológico de camundongos com tumor de Ehrlich

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of the mushroom Agaricus blazeii Murril (ABM) extracts on the hematological profile of Swiss mice bearing an Ehrlich solid tumor. Three fractions (total extract, polysaccharides, and supernatant) of ABM extracts obtained by four methods (ultrasonic or water bath, at pH 4 or pH 7) were administered to mice over 21 days. Polysaccharide solutions were analyzed by gas and liquid chromatography that showed both mannose and glucose concentrations. The method of extraction influenced the degree of glucose polymerization and the mannose/glucose relationship. The treatment with ABM supernatant at pH 7 and water bath was associated with reduced concentrations of leukocytes and lymphocytes and altered the percentage of CD4+ and CD8+ lymphocytes in Ehrlich tumor-bearing mice. The treatment with the ABM extract in water bath and ultrasound at pH 4 resulted in lower lymphocyte counts, regardless of tumor presence, and greater granulocyte values in mice with Ehrlich tumor than in controls. We concluded that different fractions and methods of extraction of A. blazei produced differing blood profiles in mice inoculated with the Ehrlich tumor.

O objetivo deste estudo foi investigar o efeito de diferentes extratos do cogumelo Agaricus blazeii Murril (ABM) sobre o perfil hematológico de camundongos Swiss portadores de tumor de Ehrlich sólido. Três frações (extrato total, polissacarídeos e sobrenadante) dos extratos de ABM foram obtidas por quatro métodos (sonificador, banho-maria, em pH 4 ou pH 7) e administradas para camundongos durante 21 dias. Soluções de polissacarídeos foram analisadas por cromatografia gasosa e líquida, que mostraram concentrações de glucose e manose. O método de extração influenciou o grau de polimerização da glicose e a relação manose/glucose. O tratamento com o sobrenadante de ABM (em pH 7 e banho-maria) estava associado com reduzidas concentrações de leucócitos e linfócitos, além de alterar a porcentagem de linfócitos CD4+ e CD8+ em camundongos portadores de tumor sólido de Ehrlich. O tratamento com extratos de ABM, obtidos tanto em banho-maria como no sonificador em pH 4, resultou nas mais baixas contagens de linfócitos, independentemente da presença do tumor, e nos maiores valores de granulócitos em camundongos com tumor de Ehrlich. Conclui-se que os diferentes métodos de extração com as respectivas frações de A. blazei são capazes de intereferir no perfil hematológico de camundongos com tumor sólido de Ehrlich.

Biometría hemática en el control médico del entrenamiento de deportistas cubanos de alto rendimiento / Hematic biometry in medical training monitoring of cuban high-performance athletes

Introducción: el control médico del entrenamiento deportivo lleva implícita la medición de parámetros hematológicos y de los índices eritrocitarios, incluido el conteo de reticulocitos, además de controles bioquímicos para velar por el estado de salud del deportista y obtener mejores resultados deportivos. Objetivo: analizar el comportamiento de las variables de los estudios hematológicos realizados a los deportistas de las preselecciones que participaron en los juegos Panamericanos Guadalajara 2011. Método: se realizó un estudio descriptivo transversal que tuvo como universo a 804 deportistas de alto nivel que integraban las preselecciones nacionales que se preparaban para constituir los equipos nacionales que participarían en los Juegos Panamericanos en Guadalajara, México, 2011. A todos se les realizó el perfil hematológico como parte del pasaporte biológico establecido para este tipo de competición. Además, a 328 se les realizó electroforesis de hemoglobina. Resultados: se encontraron cifras de hemoglobina y hematocrito significativamente más bajas en el sexo femenino. La concentración de hemoglobina corpuscular media presentó diferencias significativas por grupo de deporte. En los deportistas a quienes se les realizó electroforesis de hemoglobina se encontraron 15 AS. Conclusiones: los hallazgos de esta investigación son de gran utilidad para el diagnóstico y seguimiento de la salud de los deportistas de alto rendimiento sometidos a fuertes cargas físicas de trabajo(AU)

Introduction: medical management of sports training implies the measurement of hematological parameters, red cell indices, reticulocyte count and biochemical controls to care for the athletes´ health condition and to obtain higher sports scores. Objective: to analyze the behavior of the variables in hematological studies of athletes who participated in the presets Pan American Games Guadalajara 2011. Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study was carried out with a universe of 804 high-performance athletes from national teams, who were training to participate in the Pan American Games in Guadalajara, Mexico, 2011. Hematological profile was performed as part of the biological passport established for this type of competition. Additionally, a hemoglobin electrophoresis was carried out in 328 of them. Results: significantly lower hemoglobin and hematocrit figures were found in females. The Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin Concentration (MCHC) showed significant differences by group of sports. In athletes who underwent electrophoresis, Hb 15 AS were found. Conclusions: the findings of this research are useful for diagnosis and health monitoring of athletes of high-performance, under heavy physical workloads(AU)

Perfil hematológico de cabras Saanen e mestiças (1/2 Saanen e 1/2 Anglo-nubiana) criadas em clima tropical do Ceará / Hematological profile of Saanen and mixed-breed (1/2 Saanen x 1/2 Anglo-Nubian) raised in the tropical climate of Ceará, Brazil

Objetivou-se verificar a influência das condições climáticas sobre o perfil hematológico de cabras Saanen e mestiça (1/2 Saanen x 1/2 Anglo-nubiana), bem como determinar valores de referência para esses animais criados no Ceará. Foram utilizadas 30 cabras que tiveram o sangue coletado mensalmente durante a época chuvosa (fevereiro a maio) e seca (agosto a novembro) para realização do eritrograma e leucograma. As médias foram comparadas pelo teste t-Student e Mann Whitney, quando constatada distribuição paramétrica e não paramétrica dos dados, respectivamente, com significância quando p<0,05. Procedeu-se ainda um estudo de correlações simples de Pearson dos parâmetros hematológicos com variáveis ambientais e fisiológicas. O número de hemácias foi maior em cabras Saanen e na época chuvosa, enquanto que o hematócrito foi maior na época seca (p<0,05). Os leucócitos e linfócitos foram maiores em cabras mestiças nas duas épocas (p<0,05). Nos dois genótipos, os leucócitos e linfócitos foram maiores na época seca e os neutrófilos segmentados maiores na época chuvosa (p<0,05). Os demais parâmetros não diferiram (p>0,05). As hemácias e neutrófilos segmentados apresentaram uma correlação negativa com a temperatura ambiente, porém positiva com a umidade do ar e a temperatura retal (p<0,05). O hematócrito correlacionou-se positivamente com a temperatura ambiente e frequência respiratória (p<0,05). Os leucócitos e linfócitos mostraram uma correlação negativa com a temperatura retal (p<0,05). Conclui-se, portanto, que fêmeas Saanen sofrem mais influência das variações climáticas e a época chuvosa tem maior impacto negativo sobre os parâmetros hematológicos. Os valores obtidos poderão servir como referência para esses genótipos no Ceará...

The aim of this study was to determine the influence of climatic conditions on the hematological profile of Saanen and mixed-breed (1/2 Saanen x 1/2 Anglo-Nubian) goats, as well as to define reference values for these animals bred in Ceará, Brazil. Thirty goats were utilized and blood samples were collected monthly during the rainy (February to May) and dry (August to November) periods to obtain an erythrogram a leukogram. The averange were compared by the t-Student test and Mann Whitney test, with parametric and non-parametric distribution of the data, respectively, where p<0.05 was considered significant. A study was carried out of simple Pearson correlations of the hematological parameters with environmental and physiological variables. The number of red blood cells (RBCs) was higher in the Saanen goats and in the rainy period, while the hematocrit was higher in the dry period (p<0.05). The leukocytes and lymphocytes were higher in the 1/2S1/2AN goats in the two periods (p<0.05). In the two genotypes, the leukocytes and lymphocytes were higher in the dry season and the segmented neutrophils higher in the rainy season (p<0.05). The other parameters did not differ (p>0.05). The RBCs and segmented neutrophils displayed a negative correlation with air temperature, but positive with relative humidity and rectal temperature (p<0.05). The hematocrit positively correlated with air temperature and respiratory rate (p<0.05). The leukocytes and lymphocytes showed a negative correlation with rectal temperature (p<0.05). It was therefore concluded that Saanen females are more affected by climatic variations and that the rainy season has a greater negative impact on hematological parameters. The values obtained could serve as a reference for these genotypes in Ceará...

Perfil hematológico e bioquímico de búfalos (Bubalus bubalis) na Amazônia Oriental / Hematologic and biochemical profile of buffaloes (Bubalus bubalis) in Eastern Amazonia

O hemograma e as dosagens bioquímicas são exames rotineiramente utilizados na avaliação da saúde dos animais domésticos, incluindo os búfalos. Na região Amazônica pesquisas nessa temática ainda são escassas. Desta forma, o objetivo deste trabalho foi estabelecer intervalos de referência para hematologia e bioquímica sanguínea de Bubalus bubalis criados na Amazônia Oriental e avaliar os efeitos da idade e do sexo sobre os valores bioquímicos e hematológicos obtidos. Foram utilizados 73 animais da raça Murrah, divididos em três grupos, o grupo 1 (G1, n=22) com animais de dois a oito meses, grupo 2 (G2, n=23) com animais de nove a dois anos e o grupo 3 (G3, n=28) com animais com mais de dois anos. Os hemogramas e as análises bioquímicas foram realizados em equipamentos automatizados. Os intervalos de referência foram estabelecidos conforme as recomendações do Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Para avaliar o efeito do sexo e da idade foram utilizados os testes de Tukey, e Kruskal-Wallis, sendo as diferenças consideradas significativas quando P<0,05. Houve influencia da idade sobre os valores de hemácias (He), hematócrito (Ht), hemoglobina (Hb), leucócitos, linfócitos, eosinófilos, neutrófilos, plaquetas, volume plaquetário médio (VPM), índices hematimétricos (Volume Globular Média - VGM, Hemoglobina Corpuscular Média - HCM, e Coeficiente de variação eritrocitário - RDW) e relação neutrófilo:linfócito (N:L). O sexo influenciou o valor do VGM e do índice de amplitude de distribuição do tamanho da plaqueta (PDW) que foram maiores (P<0,05) nas fêmeas, enquanto o RDW foi maior nos machos. Na comparação dos parâmetros bioquímicos entre as faixas etárias, verificou-se que a idade influenciou a atividade das enzimas aspartato aminotransferase (AST) e fosfatase alcalina (FA) e as concentrações de creatinina, proteínas totais e bilirrubina direta. As concentrações de creatinina e bilirrubina direta foram significativamente maiores nos animais da maior faixa etária. O sexo influenciou a atividade da AST e a concentração de bilirrubina direta, que foram maiores (P<0.05) nos machos. Os valores hematológicos e bioquímicos estabelecidos podem ser utilizados como referência para búfalos criados na Amazônia Oriental.(AU)

Complete blood cell count and biochemical testing are exams routinely used in assessing the health of domestic animals, including buffaloes. In the Amazon region, research on this subject is scarce. Thus, the aim of this study was to establish reference intervals for hematology and blood chemistry of Bubalus bubalis raised in eastern Amazon and evaluate the effects of age and sex on biochemical and hematological values. Seventy-three (n=73) Murrah buffaloes were divided into three groups, group 1 (G1, n=22): animals from two to eight months, group 2 (G2, n=23): animals from nine months to two years and group 3 (G3, n=28): animals over two years. Blood counts and biochemical analyzes were performed on automated equipment. The reference intervals were established as recommended by Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI). Tukey and Kruskal-Wallis tests were used to evaluate the effect of gender and age, with differences considered significant when P <0.05. There was influence of age on the values of red blood cells (RBC), packed cell volume (PCV), hemoglobin , leukocytes, lymphocytes, eosinophils, neutrophils, platelets, mean platelet volume (MPV), Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (HCM), Red Blood Cell Distribution Width (RDW) and the proportion of neutrophil: lymphocyte (N:L). The gender affected MCV and the Platelets Distribution Width (PDW), which were higher (P<0.05) in females, while RDW was higher in males. Comparing the biochemical parameters among age groups, it was found that age influenced the activity of the enzymes aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and the concentrations of creatinine, total protein and direct bilirubin. Creatinine concentrations and direct bilirubin were significantly higher in animals of older age. The gender affected the activity of AST and the concentration of direct bilirubin, which were higher (P <0.05) in males. Hematological and biochemical values set in this study can be used as a reference for buffaloes bred in eastern Amazon.(AU)

Cord Blood Hematological Profile of Sudanese Neonates at Birth in Khartoum State.

Background and Objectives: Hematology of newborn recently represented as area of study focusing in study of umbilical cord blood and its elements in general. Identification of expected normal hematological values essentially requires as baseline data to facilitate detection of any congenital or acquired disorders present at time of birth. We aim to estimate hematological parameters and hemoglobin electrophoresis of umbilical cord blood of Sudanese neonates at birth. Methods: Study was conducted from July 2011 to June 2013 in Khartoum state maternity hospitals, five hundred healthy full term neonates of 36 - 42 weeks gestation, with weight of 2.5 kg and born to normal uncomplicated pregnant women were enrolled, 5 ml K2EDTA cord blood samples were collected to estimate CBC and hemoglobin electrophoresis. Results: the study revealed; Hb 14.35±1.55gm/dl, haematocrit 0.44.1 L/L ±5.14, MCV, MCH, and MCHC were 105.5 fl ±5.14, 33.5pg±1.99 and 33.1 gm/dl ±1.19 respectively. Cord blood mean Hb F was 61.9 %± 8.56, Hb A 37.18%±0.25, and Hb A2 0.14 %± 0.10, respectively. RBC count 4.43x1012/L ± 0.6, nRBCs count 2.3/100 WBCs ± 1.46, and absolute nRBCs count was 267.8x1012/L ± 50, white blood cells count 12.3x109/L ± 4.17 and platelet count 261 x109/L ± 83.16. Conclusion: we concluded that hemoglobin red cell indices mean values of healthy Sudanese cord blood at birth with normal reference ranges, but slightly lower than reported previous studies because of ethnological and life style differences. Fetal Hemoglobin, nRBCs, leukocyte, and platelet counts as described in other population and compatible with normal cord blood reference values.

Correlates between HIV/AIDS Antibody with some Immuno-Hematological Variables of Infected Subjects in Niger Delta Communities.

The study tend to uncover the epidemiological trend and association of HIV/AIDS with some immuno-hematological profile of infected subjects in Niger Delta. A total of 1000 subjects, made up of 464 males (46.4%) and 536 females (53.6%) were screened. HIV antibodies were detected using "Determine" (Abbott Laboratories, Japan), Start –Pak (Chembio Diagnostics, USA) and SD Bioline HIV-1/2 kits (Standard Diagnostics, Korea).Out of this number, 107(10.7%) were sero-positive. The PCV of HIV positive subjects ranged between 24.00 and 48.00% (32.94±0.53),HB ranged between 8.00 and 16.00g/dl (10.95± 0.18) while WBC counts ranged between 3.30 and 16.30 Mm3(7.76 ±0.30). However, CD4 counts ranged between 210.00 and 937.00μl, with a mean of 480.55 (±13.44). At P<0.01; the PCV correlated positively with HB(r=0.999) and negatively with WBC (r = -0.303), while HB correlated negatively with WBC(r=-0.306). Conversely, CD4 counts did not correlate with any of the parameters. The need for frequent monitoring of the impact of HIV/AIDS on the immunological profile of infected groups in Niger Delta is strongly encourage. This will prevent anemia and other hematological problems.

Clinico-hematological profile of Chediak-Higashi syndrome: Experience from a tertiary care center in south India.

Introduction: Chediak-Higashi syndrome (CHS) is a rare autosomal recessive disorder characterized by partial ocular and cutaneous albinism, increased susceptibility to pyogenic infections, the presence of large lysosomal-like organelles in most granule-containing cells and a bleeding tendency. The abnormal granules are most readily seen in blood and marrow leukocytes, especially granulocytes; and in melanocytes. Other clinical features include silvery hair, photophobia, horizontal and rotatory nystagmus and hepatosplenomegaly. Materials and Methods: The clinico-hematological profile of a series of 5 cases of CHS encountered at JIPMER Hospital with diagnostic work-up done in the Department of Pathology over the last 6 years is presented. The diagnostic work-up included complete hemogram with peripheral smear, bone marrow examination, skin and liver biopsies. Results: The age of the patients ranged from 5 months to 3 years. All patients had silvery hair and partial albinism and presented with fever and recurrent chest infection. Two patients were stable. Three patients were in accelerated phase; of them, 1 patient with associated hemophagocytic syndrome had a rapidly fulminant course. Peripheral blood smear showed anomalously large granules in the leukocytes. Skin biopsy showed sparse, coarse melanin pigment in the epidermis, and liver biopsy done in 2 patients with accelerated phase showed portal lymphohistiocytic aggregates. Conclusions: The diagnostic hallmark of CHS is the occurrence of giant inclusion bodies (granules) in the peripheral leukocyte and their bone marrow precursors. The case series is being presented because of the rarity of CHS and varied spectrum of clinical and hematological presentation.

Hematological profile of sickle cell disease: A hospital based study at CIMS, Bilaspur, Chhattisgarh.

Hematological profile of total 1260 individuals were tested for Sickle Cell Disease who attended CIMS OPD, Bilaspur during a period of May 2008 to October 2009 is presented here. At least 4.44% of the total subjects tested were identified as homozygous for sickle cell gene (SS) and 35% were with sickle cell trait (AS). The patients were confirmed by examining the blood samples for solubility test and hemoglobin electrophoresis using cellulose acetate membrane. Among the SS patients about 58% were males and 42% were females and their ages vary from 7 months to 65 years. The SS patients showed comparatively low level of hemoglobin as well as the RBC count in both the sexes than the AS or normal subjects (AA). PCV was higher in males (31.44±3.1%) than in females (28.62±3.6%). Average MCH and MCHC did not show any significant difference between the sexes. MCV and MCHC were found to be quite higher in SS subjects than AS or AA. Thus in absence of any definite data this investigation may put some insight on the incidence of sickle cell disease in Chhattisgarh.